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Alan Marshall is a New Zealand-born author and scholar working within the discipline of environmental studies. He has been noted as a key scholar in the field of environmental ethics.〔Oliphant, J. ''et al.''(2011) AQA Religious Ethics for AS and A2, Routledge,978-0-203-83021-5: pp222.〕 For his work in environmental scholarship, the University of Wollongong awarded Alan Marshall a doctorate degree. Marshall has undertaken projects for and within institutes all around Europe and in the Asia-Pacific region. For example, he's held fellowships at IAS-STS (Austria), Nizhni Novgorod State University (Russia), KUSTAR (Abu Dhabi), Masaryk University (Czech Republic), Prešov University (Slovakia), NIREX (UK), Curtin University (Australia), and AIT and Mahidol University (Thailand). ==Major Ideas== Alan Marshall developed a postmodern version of the Human–Nature relationship,〔Marshall, A (1998) 'A Postmodern Natural History of the World, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science', Part C, Vol. 34 Part C, No 1, 137-164〕 one that throws into doubt the very concepts of 'Humanity' and 'Nature'.〔Marshall, A (2002) 'The Unity of Nature: Wholeness and Disintegration in Ecology and Science', World Scientific: Singapore.〕 Marshall's approach is heavily influenced by the science of ecology but has been criticized as privileging one school of ecology, i.e., 'community ecology', over others such as systems ecology, and the ecology of Gaia.〔de Laplante, K. (2004) Environmental Alchemy: How to turn Ecological Science into Ecological Philosophy, Environmental Ethics, Vol 26, Winter Issue.〕 In 2006, Alan Marshall founded The Ecomimicry Project, which tries to meld the science of ecology with Green innovation, environmental art, and the ethics of sustainability. Examples of designs that emerged from this project include: * a Hemp Sail Battle Cruiser for the Royal Australian Navy (in which a navy ship had its engines 'designed-out' and in their stead it is powered by sails made from eco-friendly hemp) * a manure-powered swimming pool heating system (in which a luxury pool is heated by the composted body waste of the swimmers) * a Peace Park on the Slovak-Ukrainian border which allows visa-free travel for migrant bears and wolves but not humans These designs have been praised in ABC Radio National and by the Australian art press.〔Downton, P. (2009) Review of Wild Design, Artlink, Vol. 29, No. 4.〕 On January 1, 2013, Marshall started the intercontinental 'Ecotopia 2121' project, which details the 22nd century sustainable futures of 100 cities around the world. Ecotopia 2121 is a critical and creative response to the many mainstream 'Eco-city 2020' plans by various city governments around the world. Marshall is a scholarly critic of space exploration and the nuclear industry. His work in this area has been cited as insightful but usually regarded by scientists and engineers as being too radically 'environmental',〔Almar, I. (2002) 'What could COSPAR do to protect the planetary and space environment?', Advances in Space Research', Volume 30, Issue 6, 1577–1588.〕〔Fogg, MJ (2000) 'The ethical dimensions of space settlement', Volume 16, Issue 3, 16 July 2000, Pages 205–211〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cosmic Preservationist )〕 especially his calls for the protection of the Martian landscape.〔McArthur, Dan and Idil Boran, "Agent-Centered Restrictions and the Ethics of Space Exploration" in Journal of Social Philosophy vol. 35 No. 1 (Spring 2004) pp. 148–163.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alan Marshall (New Zealand author)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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